---
title: Buffalo were all around them now, and Low Wolf said that if they cou… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: Buffalo were all around them now, and Low Wolf said that if they could find plenty of timber and water he would be content to stay in this place until spring. Who acts: Buffalo, Low Wolf, lodges. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder 
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 25

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Buffalo were all around them now, and Low Wolf said that if they could find plenty of timber and water he would be content to stay in this place until spring.

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**Who acts:** Buffalo, Low Wolf, lodges · **What happens:** be, say, find, stay · **To what, where:** plenty, place · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buffalo, Low Wolf, lodges), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:12:25
# text = Buffalo were all around them now, and Low Wolf said that if they could find plenty of timber and water he would be content to stay in this place until spring.
1	Buffalo	buffalo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	all	all	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	around	around	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	_
6	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	Low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	Wolf	Wolf	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
13	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	ccomp	_	_
17	plenty	plenty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	timber	timber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
23	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
24	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	cop	_	_
25	content	content	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	ccomp	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	xcomp	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	30	det	_	_
30	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
31	until	until	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | Buffalo |  |  |  | now | around lodges *= lodge* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme around they=Location |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Low Wolf |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **find** *a condition, not said to happen* | could | lodges *= lodge* | plenty of timber and water |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plenty=Topic |
| 4 | **is** | would | buffalo |  |  |  |  | content *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **stay** | to-infinitive | buffalo *not said here* |  |  | this place | spring |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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