---
title: There was a large river flowing through the valley, and along its ba… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: There was a large river flowing through the valley, and along its banks grew groves of large cotton-woods and willows. Who acts: large river, banks. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, with its dependency tree 
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 26

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There was a large river flowing through the valley, and along its banks grew groves of large cotton-woods and willows.

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**Who acts:** large river, banks · **What happens:** be, flow, grow · **To what, where:** valley, groves

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (large river, banks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:12:26
# text = There was a large river flowing through the valley, and along its banks grew groves of large cotton-woods and willows.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	flowing	flow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	through	through	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	along	along	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	banks	bank	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
15	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
16	groves	grove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
18	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
19	cotton	cotton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	woods	wood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	willows	willow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a large river |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **flow** | gerund | a large river *not said here* |  |  | the valley |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through valley=Location |
| 3 | **grow** | past | valley's banks | groves of large cotton woods and willows |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location grove=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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