---
title: The next day the wind changed to the north, and there came a light f… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: The next day the wind changed to the north, and there came a light fall of snow; no hunting was done. Who acts: wind, hunting. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of 
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 72

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The next day the wind changed to the north, and there came a light fall of snow; no hunting was done.

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**Who acts:** wind, hunting · **What happens:** change, come, be · **To what, where:** light fall

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wind, hunting), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:12:72
# text = The next day the wind changed to the north, and there came a light fall of snow; no hunting was done.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	13	expl	_	_
13	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	light	light	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	fall	fall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
20	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	21	det	_	_
21	hunting	hunting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
22	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
23	done	done	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | past | the wind |  |  |  | day | to the north *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Agent to north=Result |
| 2 | **come** | past | the wind *not said here* | a light fall of snow |  | there |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location fall=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | no hunting |  |  |  |  | done *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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