---
title: “That explains it all; the ghost of some enemy you have killed is ne… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: “That explains it all; the ghost of some enemy you have killed is near here, and is blinding you in some mysterious way. Who acts: That, enemy, ghost. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk, with its dependency tree 
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk, sentence 24

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“That explains it all; the ghost of some enemy you have killed is near here, and is blinding you in some mysterious way.

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**Who acts:** That, enemy, ghost · **What happens:** explain, kill, be, blind, ghost · **To what, where:** little, you, mysterious way, enemy

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (That, enemy, ghost), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:13:24
# text = “That explains it all; the ghost of some enemy you have killed is near here, and is blinding you in some mysterious way.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	nsubj	_	_
3	explains	explain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	all	all	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	ghost	ghost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	11	det	_	_
11	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl:relcl	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	near	near	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	blinding	blind	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
22	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	26	det	_	_
25	mysterious	mysterious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present | That | little |  |  |  | all *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
| 2 | **kill** *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive | some enemy *not said here* | you |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the ghost of some enemy |  |  |  |  | here *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **blind** *in a quote* | present · progressive | That *not said here* | you |  | some mysterious way |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **ghost** *in a quote* |  |  | some enemy |  |  |  |  | nom ghost «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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