---
title: No one but he knew what was inside the little sack; it was his secre… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: No one but he knew what was inside the little sack; it was his secret helper. Who acts: stem, one. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk, sentence 27

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No one but he knew what was inside the little sack; it was his secret helper.

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**Who acts:** stem, one · **What happens:** know, be · **To what, where:** one, little sack, secret helper · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stem, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:13:27
# text = No one but he knew what was inside the little sack; it was his secret helper.
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
3	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
6	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	11	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
8	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	sack	sack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
16	secret	secret	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	helper	helper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past | stem | no one *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer one=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** | past |  |  |  | the little sack |  | what *nsubj* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | past | no one | stem's secret helper |  |  |  | sack *nsubj*; stem *nmod:poss* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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