---
title: The burning heats of summer, the cold, and the piercing snow-driftin… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: The burning heats of summer, the cold, and the piercing snow-drifting winds of winter did not keep him back, if he thought game was to be found. Who acts: burning, piercing, winds. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk, sentence 3

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The burning heats of summer, the cold, and the piercing snow-drifting winds of winter did not keep him back, if he thought game was to be found.

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**Who acts:** burning, piercing, winds · **What happens:** heat, drift, not keep back, think, find, wind · **To what, where:** snow, game, winter · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (burning, piercing, winds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:13:3
# text = The burning heats of summer, the cold, and the piercing snow-drifting winds of winter did not keep him back, if he thought game was to be found.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	burning	burning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	heats	heat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	piercing	piercing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
13	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	drifting	drift	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
16	winds	wind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
20	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
21	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	conj	_	_
22	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	_
23	back	back	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
26	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
28	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj:pass	_	_
29	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux:pass	_	_
30	to	to	PART	TO	_	32	mark	_	_
31	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	aux:pass	_	_
32	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **heat** | present | the burning |  |  |  | summer |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **drift** | gerund | the piercing |  |  |  |  | snow *nsubj* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **keep back** | past · do-support | winds of winter | snow |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 4 | **think** *speech: other* *a condition, not said to happen* | past | piercing |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 5 | **find** | past · passive |  | game |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 6 | **wind** |  |  | winter |  |  |  |  | nom wind «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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