--- title: There were always many buffalo hides and many skins of elk, deer, an… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics description: There were always many buffalo hides and many skins of elk, deer, and antelope stacked up about his lodge, and within were thick warm robe beds, and piles of soft buckskins, tanned by his wife Í-kai-si, the Squirrel. Who acts: many buffalo. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/13/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Punishment of the Stingy, and Othe…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/) / [The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/13/) / 4 # The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk, sentence 4 There were always many buffalo hides and many skins of elk, deer, and antelope stacked up about his lodge, and within were thick warm robe beds, and piles of soft buckskins, tanned by his wife Í-kai-si, the Squirrel. **Who acts:** many buffalo · **What happens:** be, hide, stack up, tan · **To what, where:** many skins, antelope, piles This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many buffalo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg66596:13:4 # text = There were always many buffalo hides and many skins of elk, deer, and antelope stacked up about his lodge, and within were thick warm robe beds, and piles of soft buckskins, tanned by his wife Í-kai-si, the Squirrel. 1 There there PRON EX PronType=Dem 2 expl _ _ 2 were be VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 always always ADV RB PronType=Tot 2 advmod _ _ 4 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 buffalo buffalo NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 6 hides hide VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 ccomp _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 8 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 skins skin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obj _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 elk elk NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 13 deer deer NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 14 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 antelope antelope NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ _ 17 stacked stack VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 16 acl _ _ 18 up up ADP RP _ 17 compound:prt _ _ 19 about about ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ _ 21 lodge lodge NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 22 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 24 within within ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 25 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 29 cop _ _ 26 thick thick ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 27 warm warm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 28 robe robe NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 compound _ _ 29 beds bed NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 30 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 piles pile NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 conj _ _ 33 of of ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 soft soft ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 buckskins buckskin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 36 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 37 tanned tan VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 32 acl _ _ 38 by by ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 40 nmod:poss _ _ 40 wife wife NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obl _ _ 41 Í Í PROPN NNP Number=Sing 40 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 42 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 45 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 43 kai kai X FW _ 45 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 44 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 45 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 45 si si NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 46 , , PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 47 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 48 Squirrel squirrel NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 49 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **be** | past | | | | there | | antelope and thick warm robe beds and piles of soft buckskins *parataxis*; always *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **hide** | present | many buffalo | many skins of elk and deer | | | | | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient | | 3 | **stack up** | participle | | antelope and thick warm robe beds and piles of soft buckskins *not said here* | | | | about buffalo's lodge | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent about lodge=Destination | | 4 | **is** | past | | | | | | within thick warm robe beds and piles of soft buckskins; piles of soft buckskins *conj* | tree rules | | 5 | **tan** | participle | | piles of soft buckskins *not said here* | | | | by buffalo's wife | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/13/3/) - next →: [sentence 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/13/5/) - ↑ back to [The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/13/)