---
title: For a time he could see objects dimly, then they became mere shadows… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: For a time he could see objects dimly, then they became mere shadows; then the light went out entirely. Who acts: lodge, objects, light. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk, with its dependency tree and the pragma
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk, sentence 46

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For a time he could see objects dimly, then they became mere shadows; then the light went out entirely.

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**Who acts:** lodge, objects, light · **What happens:** see, become, go out · **To what, where:** objects, mere shadows

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lodge, objects, light), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:13:46
# text = For a time he could see objects dimly, then they became mere shadows; then the light went out entirely.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	objects	object	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	dimly	dimly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	12	advmod	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
13	mere	mere	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	shadows	shadow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
16	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	19	advmod	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
19	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
20	out	out	ADP	RP	_	19	compound:prt	_	_
21	entirely	entirely	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | could | lodge | objects |  |  | time | dimly *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer object=Stimulus |
| 2 | **become** | past | objects *= object* | mere shadows |  |  | then |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **go out** | past | the light |  |  |  | then | entirely *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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