---
title: Through all the pain, and the darkness of constant night, Pi-waṕ-ōk… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: Through all the pain, and the darkness of constant night, Pi-waṕ-ōk kept up a good heart, though at times, when he thought of the sunlight shimmering over the yellow prairie and painting the tops of the distant mountains with wondrous color, he was very sad to think that he was never again to behold
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk, sentence 55

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Through all the pain, and the darkness of constant night, Pi-waṕ-ōk kept up a good heart, though at times, when he thought of the sunlight shimmering over the yellow prairie and painting the tops of the distant mountains with wondrous color, he was very sad to think that he was never again to behold it all, never again to join in the chase, never again to experience the fierce joy of battle.

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**Who acts:** Pi, waṕ ōk, sunlight · **What happens:** ōk, keep up, think, shimmer, paint, be · **To what, where:** good heart, yellow prairie, tops, fierce joy, pain, battle · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pi, waṕ ōk, sunlight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:13:55
# text = Through all the pain, and the darkness of constant night, Pi-waṕ-ōk kept up a good heart, though at times, when he thought of the sunlight shimmering over the yellow prairie and painting the tops of the distant mountains with wondrous color, he was very sad to think that he was never again to behold it all, never again to join in the chase, never again to experience the fierce joy of battle.
1	Through	through	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	4	det:predet	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	constant	constant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	Pi	pi	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	waṕ	waṕ	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	ōk	ōk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
18	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl	_	_
19	up	up	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	though	though	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
25	at	at	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
28	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	30	advmod	_	_
29	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
30	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
34	shimmering	shimmer	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	33	acl	_	_
35	over	over	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
37	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	prairie	prairie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
40	painting	paint	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	34	conj	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	tops	top	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	obj	_	_
43	of	of	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
45	distant	distant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	amod	_	_
46	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	nmod	_	_
47	with	with	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	wondrous	wondrous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	49	amod	_	_
49	color	color	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	54	punct	_	_
51	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	54	nsubj	_	_
52	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	54	cop	_	_
53	very	very	ADV	RB	_	54	advmod	_	_
54	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	conj	_	_
55	to	to	PART	TO	_	56	mark	_	_
56	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	54	csubj	_	_
57	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	63	mark	_	_
58	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	63	nsubj	_	_
59	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	63	cop	_	_
60	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	61	advmod	_	_
61	again	again	ADV	RB	_	63	advmod	_	_
62	to	to	PART	TO	_	63	mark	_	_
63	behold	behold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	56	ccomp	_	_
64	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	63	obj	_	_
65	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	64	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
66	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	68	punct	_	_
67	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	68	advmod	_	_
68	again	again	ADV	RB	_	63	advmod	_	_
69	to	to	PART	TO	_	70	mark	_	_
70	join	join	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	68	advcl	_	_
71	in	in	ADP	IN	_	73	case	_	_
72	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	73	det	_	_
73	chase	chase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	70	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
74	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	76	punct	_	_
75	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	76	advmod	_	_
76	again	again	ADV	RB	_	56	advmod	_	_
77	to	to	PART	TO	_	78	mark	_	_
78	experience	experience	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	76	advcl	_	_
79	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	81	det	_	_
80	fierce	fierce	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	81	amod	_	_
81	joy	joy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	78	obj	_	_
82	of	of	ADP	IN	_	83	case	_	_
83	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	81	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
84	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ōk** |  | Pi |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep up** | participle | waṕ ōk *not said here* | a good heart and times |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **think** *speech: other* | past | Pi |  |  |  |  | of the sunlight | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **shimmer** | gerund | the sunlight *not said here* |  |  | the yellow prairie |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over prairie=Location |
| 5 | **paint** | gerund | the sunlight *not said here* | the tops of the distant mountains |  |  |  | with wondrous color | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent top=Destination with color=Theme |
| 6 | **is** | past | Pi |  |  |  |  | sad *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **think** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  | again; never |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 8 | **is** | past | Pi |  |  |  | again; again; never; never | color *obj*; behold *property* | tree rules |
| 9 | **join** | to-infinitive | Pi *not said here* |  |  |  |  | in the chase | vn cooperate-73.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in chase=Theme |
| 10 | **experience** | to-infinitive |  | the fierce joy of battle |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer joy=Stimulus |
| 12 | **joy** |  |  | battle |  |  |  |  | nom joy «feeling transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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