---
title: He remembered the stories of the ancient ones who had been made well… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: He remembered the stories of the ancient ones who had been made well by their brothers, the animals of the plain and forest, of the air and the water, and he thought that they might help him too, if only he had an opportunity to meet them. Who acts: thing, brothers, stories. A sentence of «The Punis
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk, sentence 57

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He remembered the stories of the ancient ones who had been made well by their brothers, the animals of the plain and forest, of the air and the water, and he thought that they might help him too, if only he had an opportunity to meet them.

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**Who acts:** thing, brothers, stories · **What happens:** remember, make, think, help, have, meet · **To what, where:** stories, ancient ones, thing, opportunity · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thing, brothers, stories), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:13:57
# text = He remembered the stories of the ancient ones who had been made well by their brothers, the animals of the plain and forest, of the air and the water, and he thought that they might help him too, if only he had an opportunity to meet them.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	remembered	remember	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl:relcl	_	_
13	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	12	advmod	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	brothers	brother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	appos	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	plain	plain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
34	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	nsubj	_	_
35	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
36	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	39	mark	_	_
37	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	nsubj	_	_
38	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
39	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	ccomp	_	_
40	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	obj	_	_
41	too	too	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
43	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	46	mark	_	_
44	only	only	ADV	RB	_	46	advmod	_	_
45	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	nsubj	_	_
46	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	35	conj	_	_
47	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	obj	_	_
49	to	to	PART	TO	_	50	mark	_	_
50	meet	meet	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	48	acl	_	_
51	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	50	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | past | thing | the stories of the ancient ones |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent story=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | past · perfect · passive | stories's brothers | the ancient ones |  |  |  | of the air and the water; well *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Product |
| 3 | **think** *speech: other* | past | thing |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **help** | might | stories *= story* |  | thing |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary |
| 5 | **have** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | thing | a opportunity |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent opportunity=Patient |
| 6 | **meet** | to-infinitive | thing *not said here* | stories *= story* |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Co-Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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