---
title: Every summer Ragged Head used to cross the mountains from his countr… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: Every summer Ragged Head used to cross the mountains from his country to the plains, to hunt buffalo and to make war on the Piegans. Who acts: summer Ragged Head. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Ragged Head, with its dependency tree and
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Ragged Head, sentence 21

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Every summer Ragged Head used to cross the mountains from his country to the plains, to hunt buffalo and to make war on the Piegans.

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**Who acts:** summer Ragged Head · **What happens:** use, cross, hunt, make · **To what, where:** mountains, plains, country, buffalo, war, Piegans

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Ragged Head. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (summer Ragged Head), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:14:21
# text = Every summer Ragged Head used to cross the mountains from his country to the plains, to hunt buffalo and to make war on the Piegans.
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
2	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	Ragged	ragged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	Head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	cross	cross	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	plains	plain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	hunt	hunt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
19	buffalo	buffalo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	conj	_	_
23	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
24	on	on	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	Piegans	Piegan	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle | every summer Ragged Head |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **cross** | to-infinitive | every summer Ragged Head *not said here* | the mountains | the plains | man's country |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent mountain=Patient to plain=Recipient |
| 3 | **hunt** | to-infinitive | every summer Ragged Head *not said here* | buffalo |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent buffalo=Theme |
| 4 | **make** | to-infinitive | every summer Ragged Head *not said here* | war |  | the Piegans |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset war=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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