---
title: The older boy said to his companion, “I will go first into the camp… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: The older boy said to his companion, “I will go first into the camp and see how things are there, and perhaps take a horse or two, and then I will come back here and tell you, and we can both go back and take more horses if all goes well.” Who acts: older boy, things, we, all. A sentence of «The Pun
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Ragged Head, sentence 44

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The older boy said to his companion, “I will go first into the camp and see how things are there, and perhaps take a horse or two, and then I will come back here and tell you, and we can both go back and take more horses if all goes well.”

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**Who acts:** older boy, things, we, all · **What happens:** say, go, see, be, take, come back · **To what, where:** companion, camp, horse, more horses · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Ragged Head. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (older boy, things, we, all), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:14:44
# text = The older boy said to his companion, “I will go first into the camp and see how things are there, and perhaps take a horse or two, and then I will come back here and tell you, and we can both go back and take more horses if all goes well.”
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	amod	_	_
3	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	companion	companion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
13	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	12	advmod	_	_
14	into	into	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	camp	camp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
19	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	22	advmod	_	_
20	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
21	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
22	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	18	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	perhaps	perhaps	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
29	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
33	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	36	advmod	_	_
34	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
35	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	36	aux	_	_
36	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	conj	_	_
37	back	back	ADV	RB	_	38	advmod	_	_
38	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	36	advmod	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
40	tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	36	conj	_	_
41	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	40	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
44	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	47	nsubj	_	_
45	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	47	aux	_	_
46	both	both	ADV	RB	_	47	advmod	_	_
47	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	40	ccomp	_	_
48	back	back	ADV	RB	_	47	advmod	_	_
49	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	50	cc	_	_
50	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	47	conj	_	_
51	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	52	amod	_	_
52	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	50	obj	_	_
53	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	55	mark	_	_
54	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	55	nsubj	_	_
55	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	50	advcl	_	_
56	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	55	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	26	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the older boy |  | boy's companion |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to companion=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go** *in a quote* | future | the older boy *= boy* |  |  | the camp |  | first *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into camp=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **see** *in a quote* | infinitive | the older boy *= boy* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **is** *in a quote* | present | things |  |  |  |  | there *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **take** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  | a horse |  |  | perhaps *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument horse=Destination |
| 6 | **come back** *in a quote* | future | the older boy *= boy* |  |  | here | then |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **tell** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | infinitive | the older boy *= boy* *not said here* |  | boy's companion *= companion* |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 8 | **go back** *in a quote* | can | we |  |  |  |  | both *property* | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient |
| 9 | **take** *in a quote* | infinitive | we *not said here* |  | more horses |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument horse=Destination |
| 10 | **go** *a condition, not said to happen, in a quote* | present | all |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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