---
title: The people were sleeping; it was all quiet, and in front of the lodg… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: The people were sleeping; it was all quiet, and in front of the lodges were tied many fine horses. Who acts: people, camp. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Ragged Head, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Ragged Head, sentence 47

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The people were sleeping; it was all quiet, and in front of the lodges were tied many fine horses.

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**Who acts:** people, camp · **What happens:** sleep, be, tie · **To what, where:** many fine horses, front

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Ragged Head. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, camp), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:14:47
# text = The people were sleeping; it was all quiet, and in front of the lodges were tied many fine horses.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	sleeping	sleep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	advmod	_	_
9	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	lodges	lodge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
17	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	tied	tie	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
19	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
20	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | past · progressive | the people |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | camp |  |  |  |  | quiet *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **tie** | past · passive | camp *not said here* | many fine horses |  | front of the lodges |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: horse=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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