---
title: He found two that he liked, and cut the ropes that held them, and le… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: He found two that he liked, and cut the ropes that held them, and led them back across the stream to where he had left his friend; but when he reached the place his friend was not waiting there. Who acts: boy, ropes, friend. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by G
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Ragged Head, sentence 48

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He found two that he liked, and cut the ropes that held them, and led them back across the stream to where he had left his friend; but when he reached the place his friend was not waiting there.

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**Who acts:** boy, ropes, friend · **What happens:** find, like, cut, hold, lead back, leave · **To what, where:** two, ropes, stream, friend, place

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Ragged Head. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, ropes, friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:14:48
# text = He found two that he liked, and cut the ropes that held them, and led them back across the stream to where he had left his friend; but when he reached the place his friend was not waiting there.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	obj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	obj	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	liked	like	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	cut	cut	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	ropes	rope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
18	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	back	back	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
20	across	across	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
23	to	to	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
24	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	27	advmod	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	17	advcl	_	_
28	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	34	punct	_	_
31	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
32	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	34	mark	_	_
33	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
34	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obj	_	_
37	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nsubj	_	_
39	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	41	aux	_	_
40	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	41	advmod	_	_
41	waiting	wait	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	34	advcl	_	_
42	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	41	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | boy | two |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent two=Topic |
| 2 | **like** | past | boy |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot that=Theme |
| 3 | **cut** | past |  | the ropes |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset rope=Product |
| 4 | **hold** | past | the ropes | ropes *= rope* |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 5 | **lead back** | past | boy *not said here* | ropes *= rope* |  | the stream |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme across stream=Destination |
| 6 | **leave** | past · perfect | boy | boy's friend |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Theme |
| 7 | **reach** | past | boy | the place |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent place=Theme |
| 8 | **not** **wait** | past · progressive | boy's friend |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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