--- title: As he was wading through the water, carrying his gun muzzle up so th… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics description: As he was wading through the water, carrying his gun muzzle up so that the ramrod should not fall out, and when he was near the other bank, he saw a man standing there, and thought it was his friend. Who acts: man, gun, ramrod. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» b --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/14/50/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Punishment of the Stingy, and Othe…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/) / [Ragged Head](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/14/) / 50 # The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Ragged Head, sentence 50 As he was wading through the water, carrying his gun muzzle up so that the ramrod should not fall out, and when he was near the other bank, he saw a man standing there, and thought it was his friend. **Who acts:** man, gun, ramrod · **What happens:** wade, carry, muzzle up, not fall out, be, see · **To what, where:** water, other bank, man, friend · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Ragged Head. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, gun, ramrod), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg66596:14:50 # text = As he was wading through the water, carrying his gun muzzle up so that the ramrod should not fall out, and when he was near the other bank, he saw a man standing there, and thought it was his friend. 1 As as SCONJ IN _ 4 mark _ _ 2 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 3 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 wading wade VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 33 advcl _ _ 5 through through ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 8 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 9 carrying carry VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 advcl _ _ 10 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 11 gun gun NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 12 muzzle muzzle VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 ccomp _ _ 13 up up ADP RP _ 12 compound:prt _ _ 14 so so SCONJ IN ExtPos=SCONJ 20 mark _ _ 15 that that SCONJ IN _ 14 fixed _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 ramrod ramrod NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 18 should should AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 20 aux _ _ 19 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 20 advmod _ _ 20 fall fall VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 12 advcl _ _ 21 out out ADP RP _ 20 compound:prt _ SpaceAfter=No 22 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 24 when when SCONJ WRB _ 30 mark _ _ 25 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ _ 26 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 30 cop _ _ 27 near near ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 29 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 bank bank NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 31 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 32 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ _ 33 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 34 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obj _ _ 36 standing stand VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 35 acl _ _ 37 there there ADV RB PronType=Dem 36 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 38 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 39 and and CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 40 thought think VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 33 conj _ _ 41 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 nsubj _ _ 42 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 44 cop _ _ 43 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 44 nmod:poss _ _ 44 friend friend NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 45 . . PUNCT . _ 33 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **wade** | past · progressive | man | | | the water | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through water=Trajectory | | 2 | **carry** | gerund | man *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **muzzle up** | present | man's gun | | | | | | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **not** **fall out** | should | the ramrod | | | | | | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **is** | past | man | | | the other bank | | | tree rules | | 6 | **see** | past | man | a man | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus | | 7 | **stand** | gerund | a man *not said here* | | | there | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **think** *speech: other* | past | man *not said here* | | | | | | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 9 | **is a** | past | ramrod | man's friend | | | | man *nmod:poss* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 49](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/14/49/) - next →: [sentence 51](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/14/51/) - ↑ back to [Ragged Head](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/14/)