---
title: As they walked along, the elder girl said to her sister, “I am not g… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: As they walked along, the elder girl said to her sister, “I am not going to marry this child, to be laughed at by everybody.” Who acts: girls, elder girl, everybody. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Nothing Child, with its dependency tre
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Nothing Child, sentence 111

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As they walked along, the elder girl said to her sister, “I am not going to marry this child, to be laughed at by everybody.”

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**Who acts:** girls, elder girl, everybody · **What happens:** walk, say, not go, marry, laugh · **To what, where:** sister, child · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Nothing Child. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (girls, elder girl, everybody), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:15:111
# text = As they walked along, the elder girl said to her sister, “I am not going to marry this child, to be laughed at by everybody.”
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
4	along	along	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	elder	elder	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
16	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
18	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	marry	marry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	_
21	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	22	det	_	_
22	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
25	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	parataxis	_	_
27	at	at	ADP	IN	_	26	obl	_	_
28	by	by	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	everybody	everybody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	26	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	26	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | girls *= girl* |  |  |  |  | along *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the elder girl |  | chief's sister |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to sister=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **go** *in a quote* | present · progressive | the elder girl *= girl* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **marry** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | the elder girl *= girl* *not said here* | this child |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Patient |
| 5 | **laugh** *in a quote* | to-infinitive · passive | everybody |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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