---
title: When he had eaten all these things they had been old, but now they w… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: When he had eaten all these things they had been old, but now they were new and white, and finely ornamented. Who acts: piece, things. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Nothing Child, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every c
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Nothing Child, sentence 150

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When he had eaten all these things they had been old, but now they were new and white, and finely ornamented.

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**Who acts:** piece, things · **What happens:** eat, be, ornament · **To what, where:** things

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Nothing Child. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (piece, things), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:15:150
# text = When he had eaten all these things they had been old, but now they were new and white, and finely ornamented.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	7	det:predet	_	_
6	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	cop	_	_
11	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	17	advmod	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	finely	finely	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	ornamented	ornament	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past · perfect | piece | all things |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | past · perfect | things *= thing* | all things *not said here* |  |  |  | old *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | past | things *= thing* |  |  |  | now | new *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | things *= thing* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **ornament** | participle | piece *not said here* |  |  |  |  | finely *property* | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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