--- title: His wife told her husband that Raven Arrow had changed himself into… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics description: His wife told her husband that Raven Arrow had changed himself into a raven, and had flown away to look for buffalo, saying that if he found any he was going to drive them out of the country. Who acts: wife, husband, raven, any. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/15/179/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Punishment of the Stingy, and Othe…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/) / [Nothing Child](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/15/) / 179 # The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Nothing Child, sentence 179 His wife told her husband that Raven Arrow had changed himself into a raven, and had flown away to look for buffalo, saying that if he found any he was going to drive them out of the country. **Who acts:** wife, husband, raven, any · **What happens:** tell, change, fly away, look, say, find · **To what, where:** husband, chief, raven, wife, country · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Nothing Child. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wife, husband, raven, any), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg66596:15:179 # text = His wife told her husband that Raven Arrow had changed himself into a raven, and had flown away to look for buffalo, saying that if he found any he was going to drive them out of the country. 1 His his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ _ 2 wife wife NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 told tell VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 her she PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 iobj _ _ 5 husband husband NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 6 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 10 nsubj _ _ 7 Raven Raven PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 8 Arrow Arrow PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 flat _ _ 9 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux _ _ 10 changed change VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 5 acl:relcl _ _ 11 himself himself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 10 obj _ _ 12 into into ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 raven raven NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 15 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 17 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 18 flown fly VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 parataxis _ _ 19 away away ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 20 to to PART TO _ 21 mark _ _ 21 look look VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 advcl _ _ 22 for for ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 buffalo buffalo NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 24 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 25 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 21 advcl _ _ 26 that that SCONJ IN _ 29 mark _ _ 27 if if SCONJ IN _ 29 mark _ _ 28 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 29 found find VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 25 ccomp _ _ 30 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 33 nsubj _ _ 31 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ _ 32 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 33 aux _ _ 33 going go VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 29 ccomp _ _ 34 to to PART TO _ 35 mark _ _ 35 drive drive VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 33 xcomp _ _ 36 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 obj _ _ 37 out out ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 38 of of ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 country country NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 41 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | son's wife | husband | chief | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent she=Recipient husband=Topic | | 2 | **change** | past · perfect | husband | raven | | | | into a raven *result*; Raven *nsubj* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: agent=Agent himself=Patient into raven=Result | | 3 | **fly away** | past · perfect | | | | | | away *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **look** | to-infinitive | | | | | | for buffalo | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for buffalo=Theme | | 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 6 | **find** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | raven | | | | | | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 7 | **go** | past · progressive | any | | | | | raven *nsubj* | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 8 | **drive** | to-infinitive | any *not said here* | wife | | the country | | | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent they=Theme out country=Trajectory | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 178](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/15/178/) - next →: [sentence 180](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/15/180/) - ↑ back to [Nothing Child](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/15/)