---
title: One day, as he was sitting by the fire, Raven Arrow, in the shape of… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: One day, as he was sitting by the fire, Raven Arrow, in the shape of a white raven, flew into the lodge and lit on the ground by him. Who acts: raven, One day. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Nothing Child, with its dependency tree and 
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Nothing Child, sentence 181

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One day, as he was sitting by the fire, Raven Arrow, in the shape of a white raven, flew into the lodge and lit on the ground by him.

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**Who acts:** raven, One day · **What happens:** sit, fly, lit · **To what, where:** One day, shape, lodge, ground

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Nothing Child. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (raven, One day), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:15:181
# text = One day, as he was sitting by the fire, Raven Arrow, in the shape of a white raven, flew into the lodge and lit on the ground by him.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	acl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	Raven	Raven	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	Arrow	Arrow	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	raven	raven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
23	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
24	into	into	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	lodge	lodge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	lit	lit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	conj	_	_
29	on	on	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
32	by	by	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	23	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past · progressive | raven | One day *not said here* |  | the shape of a white raven |  | by the fire | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent day=Theme by fire=Location |
| 2 | **fly** | past | One day |  |  |  |  | into the lodge *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into lodge=Result |
| 3 | **lit** | participle | One day *not said here* |  |  | the ground |  | raven *obl:agent* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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