---
title: He kept climbing and climbing, with the arrow always moving in front… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: He kept climbing and climbing, with the arrow always moving in front of him, until at last he climbed out of sight. Who acts: boy, arrow. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Nothing Child, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ever
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Nothing Child, sentence 40

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He kept climbing and climbing, with the arrow always moving in front of him, until at last he climbed out of sight.

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**Who acts:** boy, arrow · **What happens:** keep, climb, move · **To what, where:** front, last

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Nothing Child. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, arrow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:15:40
# text = He kept climbing and climbing, with the arrow always moving in front of him, until at last he climbed out of sight.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	climbing	climb	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	climbing	climb	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	arrow	arrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	11	advmod	_	_
11	moving	move	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
18	at	at	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	last	last	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	climbed	climb	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
22	out	out	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	sight	sight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | boy |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **climb** | gerund | boy *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **climb** | gerund | boy *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **move** | gerund | the arrow |  |  | front of boy |  | always *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in front=Trajectory |
| 5 | **climb** | past | boy |  |  | last |  | out sight | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at last=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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