---
title: “Why, you must be in love with him,” one of the girls exclaimed, lau… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: “Why, you must be in love with him,” one of the girls exclaimed, laughing. Who acts: you, one. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Beaver Stick, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Beaver Stick, sentence 19

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“Why, you must be in love with him,” one of the girls exclaimed, laughing.

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**Who acts:** you, one · **What happens:** be, exclaim, laugh · **To what, where:** love · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Beaver Stick. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:17:19
# text = “Why, you must be in love with him,” one of the girls exclaimed, laughing.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
5	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
13	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nsubj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	girls	girl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
17	exclaimed	exclaim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	laughing	laugh	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | must | you |  |  | love |  | with man | tree rules |
| 2 | **exclaim** *speech: express* | past | one of the girls |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **laugh** | gerund | one of the girls *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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