---
title: He had but little food, only some tough, dried meat, and his weapons… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: He had but little food, only some tough, dried meat, and his weapons were poor and of little use; yet he did not fear that he would starve, or suffer any harm from the animals or from the enemy. Who acts: Robe, weapons. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Beaver Stick, sentence 35

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He had but little food, only some tough, dried meat, and his weapons were poor and of little use; yet he did not fear that he would starve, or suffer any harm from the animals or from the enemy.

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**Who acts:** Robe, weapons · **What happens:** have, dry, be, not fear, starve, suffer · **To what, where:** little food, harm

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Beaver Stick. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Robe, weapons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:17:35
# text = He had but little food, only some tough, dried meat, and his weapons were poor and of little use; yet he did not fear that he would starve, or suffer any harm from the animals or from the enemy.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	only	only	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
9	tough	tough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
12	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	weapons	weapon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
17	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
24	yet	yet	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
26	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
27	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	28	advmod	_	_
28	fear	fear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
29	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
30	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
31	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
32	starve	starve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
34	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	suffer	suffer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	conj	_	_
36	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	37	det	_	_
37	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obj	_	_
38	from	from	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	obl	_	_
41	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
42	from	from	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Robe | little food |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient |
| 2 | **dry** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | past | Robe's weapons |  |  |  |  | little use *conj*; poor *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **fear** | past · do-support | Robe |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **starve** | would | Robe |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **suffer** | infinitive | Robe *not said here* | any harm |  |  |  | from the animals or the enemy | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer harm=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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