---
title: He started, and led the way out over the ice, which had frozen from… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: He started, and led the way out over the ice, which had frozen from the shore for some distance out into the pond. Who acts: father. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Beaver Stick, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Beaver Stick, sentence 49

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He started, and led the way out over the ice, which had frozen from the shore for some distance out into the pond.

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**Who acts:** father · **What happens:** start, lead out, freeze · **To what, where:** way, ice, shore

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Beaver Stick. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:17:49
# text = He started, and led the way out over the ice, which had frozen from the shore for some distance out into the pond.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	out	out	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
9	over	over	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	shore	shore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	21	det	_	_
21	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
22	out	out	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
23	into	into	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | past | father |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **lead out** | past | father *not said here* | the way |  | the ice |  | out *property* | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent way=Theme over ice=Destination |
| 3 | **freeze** | past · perfect · passive |  | the ice |  | the shore |  | for some distance; into the pond | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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