---
title: Near the old man sat his wife, a handsome old woman, and on other be… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: Near the old man sat his wife, a handsome old woman, and on other beds reclined their two sons, one of whom had guided New Robe to the place. Who acts: old man. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Beaver Stick, with its dependency tree 
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Beaver Stick, sentence 59

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Near the old man sat his wife, a handsome old woman, and on other beds reclined their two sons, one of whom had guided New Robe to the place.

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**Who acts:** old man · **What happens:** sit, recline, guide · **To what, where:** wife, two sons, other beds, New Robe, place

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Beaver Stick. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:17:59
# text = Near the old man sat his wife, a handsome old woman, and on other beds reclined their two sons, one of whom had guided New Robe to the place.
1	Near	near	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	handsome	handsome	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	beds	bed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
18	reclined	recline	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
19	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
20	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	nummod	_	_
21	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	appos	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	23	nmod	_	_
26	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	guided	guide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	25	acl:relcl	_	_
28	New	New	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	Robe	Robe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
30	to	to	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | the old man | man's wife and a handsome old woman |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location wife=Theme |
| 2 | **recline** | past | the old man *not said here* | beds's two sons |  | other beds |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent son=Theme on bed=Destination |
| 3 | **guide** | past · perfect |  | New Robe |  | the place |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent robe=Theme to place=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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