---
title: Although there was no fire in the lodge, it was warm enough, and not… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: Although there was no fire in the lodge, it was warm enough, and not colder at night than in the daytime: thus little covering was needed when its occupants went to bed. Who acts: fire, occupants. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Bea
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Beaver Stick, sentence 82

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Although there was no fire in the lodge, it was warm enough, and not colder at night than in the daytime: thus little covering was needed when its occupants went to bed.

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**Who acts:** fire, occupants · **What happens:** be, not be, need, go · **To what, where:** little covering, bed

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Beaver Stick. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fire, occupants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:17:82
# text = Although there was no fire in the lodge, it was warm enough, and not colder at night than in the daytime: thus little covering was needed when its occupants went to bed.
1	Although	although	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lodge	lodge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
13	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
17	colder	cold	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	conj	_	_
18	at	at	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
20	than	than	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	daytime	daytime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
25	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
26	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	covering	covering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj:pass	_	_
28	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux:pass	_	_
29	needed	need	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	conj	_	_
30	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	33	advmod	_	_
31	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	occupants	occupant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nsubj	_	_
33	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	advcl	_	_
34	to	to	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | fire |  |  |  |  | enough, warm *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **be** |  | fire *not said here* |  |  |  | night | than the daytime | tree rules |
| 3 | **need** | past · passive |  | little covering |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **go** | past | covering's occupants |  |  | bed |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to bed=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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