---
title: He never thought that he was different from other young men, until o… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: He never thought that he was different from other young men, until one day he chanced to overhear the conversation of some young women. Who acts: Robe, young women. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Beaver Stick, with its dependency t
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Beaver Stick, sentence 9

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He never thought that he was different from other young men, until one day he chanced to overhear the conversation of some young women.

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**Who acts:** Robe, young women · **What happens:** not think, be, chance, overhear, converse · **To what, where:** conversation · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Beaver Stick. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Robe, young women), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:17:9
# text = He never thought that he was different from other young men, until one day he chanced to overhear the conversation of some young women.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
14	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl:unmarked	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	chanced	chance	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	overhear	overhear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	conversation	conversation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	25	det	_	_
24	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **think** *speech: other* | past | Robe |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | Robe |  |  |  |  | from other young men; different *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **chance** | past | Robe |  |  |  | day |  | vn risk-94-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **overhear** | to-infinitive | Robe *not said here* | the conversation of some young women |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer conversation=Stimulus |
| 5 | **converse** |  | some young women |  |  |  |  |  | nom conversation «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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