---
title: The next day, one of the sons reported that in places the ice had me… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: The next day, one of the sons reported that in places the ice had melted. Who acts: ice. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Beaver Stick, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Beaver Stick, sentence 95

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The next day, one of the sons reported that in places the ice had melted.

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**Who acts:** ice · **What happens:** report, melt · **To what, where:** one, places

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Beaver Stick. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:17:95
# text = The next day, one of the sons reported that in places the ice had melted.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
9	reported	report	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
15	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	melted	melt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **report** | past |  | one |  |  | day | of the sons | vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **melt** | past · perfect | the ice |  |  | places |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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