--- title: Then she knew for certain that he was to be trusted, and she told hi… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics description: Then she knew for certain that he was to be trusted, and she told him to keep a long way ahead, to look over the country from every rise of ground, and to warn her if he saw anything suspicious. Who acts: pi, yé, ground. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by Georg --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/116/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Punishment of the Stingy, and Othe…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/) / [Little Friend Coyote](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/) / 116 # The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 116 Then she knew for certain that he was to be trusted, and she told him to keep a long way ahead, to look over the country from every rise of ground, and to warn her if he saw anything suspicious. **Who acts:** pi, yé, ground · **What happens:** know, trust, tell, keep, look, warn · **To what, where:** yé, long way, pi, anything · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pi, yé, ground), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg66596:18:116 # text = Then she knew for certain that he was to be trusted, and she told him to keep a long way ahead, to look over the country from every rise of ground, and to warn her if he saw anything suspicious. 1 Then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 3 advmod _ _ 2 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 knew know VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 for for ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 certain certain ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 obl _ _ 6 that that SCONJ IN _ 11 mark _ _ 7 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj:pass _ _ 8 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ _ 9 to to PART TO _ 11 mark _ _ 10 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 11 aux:pass _ _ 11 trusted trust VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 12 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 14 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ _ 15 told tell VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 16 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 iobj _ _ 17 to to PART TO _ 18 mark _ _ 18 keep keep VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 xcomp _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 20 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 22 ahead ahead ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 23 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 24 to to PART TO _ 25 mark _ _ 25 look look VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 conj _ _ 26 over over ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 country country NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 29 from from ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 31 det _ _ 31 rise rise NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 32 of of ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 34 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 36 to to PART TO _ 37 mark _ _ 37 warn warn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 conj _ _ 38 her she PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 obj _ _ 39 if if SCONJ IN _ 41 mark _ _ 40 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 nsubj _ _ 41 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 37 advcl _ _ 42 anything anything PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 41 obj _ _ 43 suspicious suspicious ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 42 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 44 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **know** | past | pi | | | | then | for certain | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 2 | **trust** | past · passive | | yé | | | | | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | pi | | yé | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | | 4 | **keep** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | pi *not said here* | a long way | | | | ahead *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Theme | | 5 | **look** | to-infinitive | pi *not said here* | | | | | from every rise of ground; over the country | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent over country=Theme | | 6 | **warn** *speech: warn* | to-infinitive | pi *not said here* | | pi | | | | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent she=Recipient | | 7 | **see** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | yé | anything | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer anything=Stimulus | | 8 | **rise** | | ground | | | | | | nom rise «event intransitive»: of=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 115](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/115/) - next →: [sentence 117](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/117/) - ↑ back to [Little Friend Coyote](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/)