---
title: They were near the mountains now, and the valley was wide, with low,… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: They were near the mountains now, and the valley was wide, with low, sloping hills on either side. Who acts: thongs, valley. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 129

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They were near the mountains now, and the valley was wide, with low, sloping hills on either side.

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**Who acts:** thongs, valley · **What happens:** be, slope · **To what, where:** mountains, hills, side

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thongs, valley), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:18:129
# text = They were near the mountains now, and the valley was wide, with low, sloping hills on either side.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	near	near	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	sloping	slope	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	conj	_	_
18	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
19	on	on	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	either	either	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	21	det	_	_
21	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | thongs *= thong* |  |  | the mountains | now |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | the valley |  |  |  |  | wide *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | the valley *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **slope** | gerund | the valley *not said here* | hills |  | either side |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent hill=Theme on side=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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