--- title: Pretty soon she heard people talking; they were some distance away,… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics description: Pretty soon she heard people talking; they were some distance away, but the murmur of their voices seemed familiar; they came nearer, and she heard one say, in her own language, “Let’s cross the river here.” Who acts: woman, people, murmur, ’s. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/132/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Punishment of the Stingy, and Othe…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/) / [Little Friend Coyote](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/) / 132 # The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 132 Pretty soon she heard people talking; they were some distance away, but the murmur of their voices seemed familiar; they came nearer, and she heard one say, in her own language, “Let’s cross the river here.” **Who acts:** woman, people, murmur, ’s · **What happens:** hear, talk, be, seem, come, let · **To what, where:** people, distance, one say, ’s, river, voices · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (woman, people, murmur, ’s), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg66596:18:132 # text = Pretty soon she heard people talking; they were some distance away, but the murmur of their voices seemed familiar; they came nearer, and she heard one say, in her own language, “Let’s cross the river here.” 1 Pretty pretty ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 2 soon soon ADV RB Degree=Pos 4 advmod _ _ 3 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 4 heard hear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 6 talking talk VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 5 acl _ SpaceAfter=No 7 ; ; PUNCT : _ 11 punct _ _ 8 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 9 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 cop _ _ 10 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 11 det _ _ 11 distance distance NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 conj _ _ 12 away away ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 13 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 14 but but CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 murmur murmur NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 17 of of ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ _ 19 voices voice NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nmod _ _ 20 seemed seem VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 21 familiar familiar ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 22 ; ; PUNCT : _ 24 punct _ _ 23 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 24 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 25 nearer near ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 24 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 26 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 28 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 29 heard hear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 30 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 31 nummod _ _ 31 say say NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 32 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 33 in in ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 34 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 36 nmod:poss _ _ 35 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 amod _ _ 36 language language NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 37 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 38 “ " PUNCT `` _ 39 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 39 Let let VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 36 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 40 ’s we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 obj _ _ 41 cross cross VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 39 xcomp _ _ 42 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 river river NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 obj _ _ 44 here here ADV RB PronType=Dem 41 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 45 . . PUNCT . _ 39 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 46 ” " PUNCT '' _ 36 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hear** | past | woman | people | | | | soon *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer people=Stimulus | | 2 | **talk** | gerund | people *not said here* | | | | | | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **is a** | past | people | some distance | | | | away *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **seem** | past | the murmur of people's voices | | | | | familiar *property* | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **come** | past | people | | | | | near *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **hear** | past | woman | one say | | | | woman's own language *obj* | tree rules | | 7 | **let** *in a quote* | infinitive | | ’s | | | | | tree rules | | 8 | **cross** *in a quote* | infinitive | ’s *not said here* | the river | | here | | | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent river=Patient | | 9 | **murmur** | | | people's voices | | | | | nom murmur «event transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 131](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/131/) - next →: [sentence 133](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/133/) - ↑ back to [Little Friend Coyote](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/)