---
title: The implements used were a ring six inches in diameter, made of buff… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: The implements used were a ring six inches in diameter, made of buffalo rawhide, and two elaborate and highly ornamented slender sticks, one for each player. Who acts: implements. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote, wi
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 150

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The implements used were a ring six inches in diameter, made of buffalo rawhide, and two elaborate and highly ornamented slender sticks, one for each player.

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**Who acts:** implements · **What happens:** use, be, make, ornament · **To what, where:** six inches, ring, slender sticks

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (implements), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:18:150
# text = The implements used were a ring six inches in diameter, made of buffalo rawhide, and two elaborate and highly ornamented slender sticks, one for each player.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	implements	implement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	inches	inch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	diameter	diameter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	buffalo	buffalo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	rawhide	rawhide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
19	elaborate	elaborate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	highly	highly	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	ornamented	ornament	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	conj	_	_
23	slender	slender	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	sticks	stick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	appos	_	_
27	for	for	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	29	det	_	_
29	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | the implements | six inches in diameter |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past |  | a ring |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | participle |  | six inches in diameter *not said here* |  |  |  | of buffalo rawhide | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 4 | **ornament** | participle | the implements *not said here* | slender sticks |  |  |  | highly *property* | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent stick=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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