---
title: She began her preparations at once, and only laughed at her parents… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: She began her preparations at once, and only laughed at her parents when they urged her to remain with them, telling her that the plains swarmed with war parties in search of scalps and plunder, and that she would surely be killed. Who acts: Su, preparations. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Sti
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 19

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She began her preparations at once, and only laughed at her parents when they urged her to remain with them, telling her that the plains swarmed with war parties in search of scalps and plunder, and that she would surely be killed.

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**Who acts:** Su, preparations · **What happens:** begin, laugh, urge, remain, tell, swarm · **To what, where:** preparations, Su, plains, search, scalps · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Su, preparations), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:18:19
# text = She began her preparations at once, and only laughed at her parents when they urged her to remain with them, telling her that the plains swarmed with war parties in search of scalps and plunder, and that she would surely be killed.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	preparations	preparation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	only	only	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
14	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	16	advmod	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	urged	urge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
17	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	iobj	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	remain	remain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	advcl	_	_
24	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	iobj	_	_
25	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	45	mark	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	plains	plain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	45	nsubj:pass	_	_
28	swarmed	swarm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	acl	_	_
29	with	with	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	_
31	parties	party	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obl:agent	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	search	search	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	scalps	scalp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nmod	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	plunder	plunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
40	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	45	mark	_	_
41	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	45	nsubj:pass	_	_
42	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	45	aux	_	_
43	surely	surely	ADV	RB	_	45	advmod	_	_
44	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	45	aux:pass	_	_
45	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | Su | Su's preparations |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent preparation=Eventuality |
| 2 | **laugh** | past | Su *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at Su's parents | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **urge** | past | preparations *= preparation* |  | Su |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent she=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **remain** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | preparations *= preparation* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with preparations *= preparation* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund | preparations *= preparation* *not said here* |  | Su |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent she=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 6 | **swarm** | participle |  | the plains *not said here* |  | search of scalps and plunder |  | war parties *obl:agent* | vn swarm-47.5.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in search=Location |
| 7 | **kill** | would · passive |  | the plains |  |  |  | Su *nsubj:pass*; surely *property* | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 8 | **prepare** |  | Su |  |  |  |  |  | nom preparation «act transitive»: poss=agent |
| 9 | **search** |  |  | scalps and plunder |  |  |  |  | nom search «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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