---
title: At the last moment five young Blackfeet, visitors in the camp, decid… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: At the last moment five young Blackfeet, visitors in the camp, decided that they too would return home, so they set forth with the couple, and helped drive the little herd of horses that Front Wolf intended to give his relatives. Who acts: camps, Front. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, a
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 21

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At the last moment five young Blackfeet, visitors in the camp, decided that they too would return home, so they set forth with the couple, and helped drive the little herd of horses that Front Wolf intended to give his relatives.

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**Who acts:** camps, Front · **What happens:** decide, return, set, help, drive, intend · **To what, where:** little herd, horses, relatives

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (camps, Front), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:18:21
# text = At the last moment five young Blackfeet, visitors in the camp, decided that they too would return home, so they set forth with the couple, and helped drive the little herd of horses that Front Wolf intended to give his relatives.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
5	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
6	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	Blackfeet	blackfoot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	visitors	visitor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	camp	camp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
14	decided	decide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
17	too	too	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
18	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	return	return	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	ccomp	_	_
20	home	home	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	so	so	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
23	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	set	set	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
25	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
26	with	with	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	couple	couple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
32	drive	drive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	xcomp	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
34	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	nmod	_	_
38	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	41	obj	_	_
39	Front	Front	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	41	nsubj	_	_
40	Wolf	Wolf	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	flat	_	_
41	intended	intend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	acl:relcl	_	_
42	to	to	PART	TO	_	43	mark	_	_
43	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	41	xcomp	_	_
44	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	45	nmod:poss	_	_
45	relatives	relative	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **decide** | past |  |  |  |  | moment |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **return** | would | camps *= camp* |  |  |  |  | home *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **set** | present | camps *= camp* |  |  |  |  | with the couple; forth *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with couple=Instrument |
| 4 | **help** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 5 | **drive** | infinitive |  | the little herd of horses |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme herd=Trajectory |
| 6 | **intend** | past | Front | horses |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **give** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Front *not said here* | Front's relatives |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent relative=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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