---
title: This brought the little party, after three or four days’ travel, to… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: This brought the little party, after three or four days’ travel, to the Cypress Hills, or, as they were named by the Indians, the Gap-in-the-Middle Hills. Who acts: This, Indians, three days. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Frien
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 23

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This brought the little party, after three or four days’ travel, to the Cypress Hills, or, as they were named by the Indians, the Gap-in-the-Middle Hills.

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**Who acts:** This, Indians, three days · **What happens:** bring, name, travel · **To what, where:** little party, Cypress Hills, parties

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, Indians, three days), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:18:23
# text = This brought the little party, after three or four days’ travel, to the Cypress Hills, or, as they were named by the Indians, the Gap-in-the-Middle Hills.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	nsubj	_	_
2	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
8	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	conj	_	_
11	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	’	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	travel	travel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	Cypress	Cypress	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	Hills	Hill	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
22	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
23	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj:pass	_	_
24	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	named	name	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
26	by	by	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	25	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
31	Gap	Gap	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	38	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	Middle	Middle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	compound	_	_
38	Hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | past | This | the little party and three days's travel | the Cypress Hills |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent party=Theme to hill=Destination |
| 2 | **name** | past · passive | the Indians and the Middle Hills  Gap | parties *= party* |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 3 | **travel** |  | three days |  |  |  |  |  | nom travel «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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