---
title: They did not know that a large camp of Kutenais was just behind the… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: They did not know that a large camp of Kutenais was just behind the hills where they stopped, and that one of their hunters, seeing them coming, had hurried home and spread the news. Who acts: parties, large camp, hunters. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by Geo
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 25

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They did not know that a large camp of Kutenais was just behind the hills where they stopped, and that one of their hunters, seeing them coming, had hurried home and spread the news.

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**Who acts:** parties, large camp, hunters · **What happens:** not know, be, stop, see, come, hurry · **To what, where:** hills, parties, one, news · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (parties, large camp, hunters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:18:25
# text = They did not know that a large camp of Kutenais was just behind the hills where they stopped, and that one of their hunters, seeing them coming, had hurried home and spread the news.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	camp	camp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Kutenais	Kutenais	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
12	just	just	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
13	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	ccomp	_	_
16	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	18	advmod	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
21	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
22	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	32	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	hunters	hunter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	25	acl	_	_
28	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	_
29	coming	come	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
31	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
32	hurried	hurry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	conj	_	_
33	home	home	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	spread	spread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	conj	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **know** | past · do-support | parties *= party* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | past | a large camp of Kutenais |  |  | the hills |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **stop** | past | parties *= party* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 4 | **see** | gerund | parties's hunters *not said here* | parties *= party* |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |
| 5 | **come** | gerund | parties's hunters *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **hurry** | past · perfect · passive |  | one |  |  |  | of parties's hunters; home *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme of hunter=Trajectory |
| 7 | **spread** | past |  | the news |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location news=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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