---
title: Although these two tribes, the Blackfeet and Kutenais, had once been… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: Although these two tribes, the Blackfeet and Kutenais, had once been very friendly to each other, they were now at war. Who acts: parties. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 27

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Although these two tribes, the Blackfeet and Kutenais, had once been very friendly to each other, they were now at war.

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**Who acts:** parties · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** war

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (parties), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:18:27
# text = Although these two tribes, the Blackfeet and Kutenais, had once been very friendly to each other, they were now at war.
1	Although	although	SCONJ	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
3	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	tribes	tribe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Blackfeet	Blackfeet	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Kutenais	Kutenais	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
11	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
12	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	15	advmod	_	_
13	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	cop	_	_
14	very	very	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	15	obl	_	_
18	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
21	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
22	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	24	advmod	_	_
23	at	at	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past · perfect |  |  |  |  |  | although this two tribes; to each; friendly, once *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | parties *= party* |  |  | war | now |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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