--- title: Front Wolf and his friends had drawn the covers from their guns, pre… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics description: Front Wolf and his friends had drawn the covers from their guns, prepared to fight and to sell their lives dearly, but when Front Wolf heard this, and saw that the strangers made no motions to shoot, he lowered his rifle and said: “They intend to make peace with us; I guess they are tired of being a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/29/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Punishment of the Stingy, and Othe…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/) / [Little Friend Coyote](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/) / 29 # The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 29 Front Wolf and his friends had drawn the covers from their guns, prepared to fight and to sell their lives dearly, but when Front Wolf heard this, and saw that the strangers made no motions to shoot, he lowered his rifle and said: “They intend to make peace with us; I guess they are tired of being at war with our people. **Who acts:** Front Wolf, Front, strangers · **What happens:** draw, prepare, fight, sell, hear, see · **To what, where:** covers, guns, lives, this, motions, rifle · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Front Wolf, Front, strangers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg66596:18:29 # text = Front Wolf and his friends had drawn the covers from their guns, prepared to fight and to sell their lives dearly, but when Front Wolf heard this, and saw that the strangers made no motions to shoot, he lowered his rifle and said: “They intend to make peace with us; I guess they are tired of being at war with our people. 1 Front Front PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 Wolf Wolf PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 3 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 4 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ _ 5 friends friend NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 conj _ _ 6 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 aux _ _ 7 drawn draw VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 covers cover NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obj _ _ 10 from from ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ _ 12 guns gun NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 13 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 14 prepared prepare VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 parataxis _ _ 15 to to PART TO _ 16 mark _ _ 16 fight fight VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 14 xcomp _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 18 to to PART TO _ 19 mark _ _ 19 sell sell VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 16 conj _ _ 20 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ _ 21 lives life NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obj _ _ 22 dearly dearly ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 23 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 24 but but CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 25 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 28 advmod _ _ 26 Front Front PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ _ 27 Wolf Wolf PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 flat _ _ 28 heard hear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ _ 29 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 28 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 30 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 conj _ _ 33 that that SCONJ IN _ 36 mark _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 strangers stranger NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nsubj _ _ 36 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 32 ccomp _ _ 37 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 38 det _ _ 38 motions motion NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 obj _ _ 39 to to PART TO _ 40 mark _ _ 40 shoot shoot VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 38 acl _ SpaceAfter=No 41 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 42 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 nsubj _ _ 43 lowered lower VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 conj _ _ 44 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 45 nmod:poss _ _ 45 rifle rifle NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 obj _ _ 46 and and CCONJ CC _ 47 cc _ _ 47 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 43 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 48 : : PUNCT : _ 51 punct _ _ 49 “ " PUNCT `` _ 51 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 50 They they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 51 nsubj _ _ 51 intend intend VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 47 ccomp _ _ 52 to to PART TO _ 53 mark _ _ 53 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 51 xcomp _ _ 54 peace peace NOUN NN Number=Sing 53 obj _ _ 55 with with ADP IN _ 56 case _ _ 56 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 53 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 57 ; ; PUNCT , _ 59 punct _ _ 58 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 59 nsubj _ _ 59 guess guess VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ _ 60 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 62 nsubj _ _ 61 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 62 cop _ _ 62 tired tired ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 59 ccomp _ _ 63 of of ADP IN _ 66 case _ _ 64 being be AUX VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 66 cop _ _ 65 at at ADP IN _ 66 case _ _ 66 war war NOUN NN Number=Sing 62 obl _ _ 67 with with ADP IN _ 69 case _ _ 68 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 69 nmod:poss _ _ 69 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 66 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 70 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **draw** | past · perfect | Front Wolf and Wolf's friends | the covers | | friends's guns | | | tree rules | | 2 | **prepare** | participle | | | | | | | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent clause=Attribute | | 3 | **fight** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | | | | | | | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **sell** | to-infinitive | | friends's lives | | | | dearly *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Theme | | 5 | **hear** | past | Front | this | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer this=Stimulus | | 6 | **see** | past | Front *not said here* | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 7 | **make** | past | the strangers | no motions | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset motion=Product | | 8 | **shoot** | to-infinitive | the strangers *not said here* | no motions *not said here* | | | | | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 9 | **lower** | past | Front | Wolf's rifle | | | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rifle=Theme | | 10 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Front *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 11 | **intend** *in a quote* | present | strangers *= stranger* | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 12 | **make** *not said to happen, in a quote* | to-infinitive | strangers *= stranger* *not said here* | peace | | | | with us | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset peace=Product | | 13 | **guess** *in a quote* | present | Front | | | | | | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 14 | **is** *in a quote* | present | strangers *= stranger* | | | | | tired *property* | tree rules | | 15 | **is** *in a quote* | gerund | | | | | | of war; with our people | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/28/) - next →: [sentence 30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/30/) - ↑ back to [Little Friend Coyote](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/)