--- title: As he neared the place of butchery he began to sing his war-song, an… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics description: As he neared the place of butchery he began to sing his war-song, and the poor wife, looking on, saw him smile as the great stone club descended, and he fell forward lifeless to the ground. Who acts: One, poor wife. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bir --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/53/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Punishment of the Stingy, and Othe…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/) / [Little Friend Coyote](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/) / 53 # The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 53 As he neared the place of butchery he began to sing his war-song, and the poor wife, looking on, saw him smile as the great stone club descended, and he fell forward lifeless to the ground. **Who acts:** One, poor wife · **What happens:** near, begin, sing, look on, see, smile · **To what, where:** place, butchery, war song, One, great stone club This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (One, poor wife), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg66596:18:53 # text = As he neared the place of butchery he began to sing his war-song, and the poor wife, looking on, saw him smile as the great stone club descended, and he fell forward lifeless to the ground. 1 As as SCONJ IN _ 3 mark _ _ 2 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 neared near VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 place place NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 butchery butchery NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 8 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 9 began begin VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 acl:relcl _ _ 10 to to PART TO _ 11 mark _ _ 11 sing sing VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 xcomp _ _ 12 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ _ 13 war war NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 14 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 13 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 15 song song NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 16 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 19 poor poor ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 wife wife NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 21 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 22 looking look VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 20 acl _ _ 23 on on ADP RP _ 22 compound:prt _ SpaceAfter=No 24 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 25 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 26 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ _ 27 smile smile VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 25 xcomp _ _ 28 as as ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 30 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 31 stone stone NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 compound _ _ 32 club club NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 33 descended descend VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 32 acl _ SpaceAfter=No 34 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 36 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 nsubj _ _ 37 fell fall VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 25 conj _ _ 38 forward forward ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ _ 39 lifeless lifeless ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 xcomp _ _ 40 to to ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 41 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 43 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **near** | past | One | the place of butchery | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **begin** | past | One | butchery *not said here* | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **sing** *speech: express* | to-infinitive | One *not said here* | One's war song | | | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme | | 4 | **look on** | gerund | the poor wife *not said here* | | | | | | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | | 5 | **see** | past | the poor wife | One | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **smile** | infinitive | One *not said here* | | | | | as the great stone club | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **descend** | participle | | the great stone club *not said here* | | | | | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 8 | **fall** | past | One | | | | | lifeless *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 9 | **sing** | | One | | | | | | nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 52](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/52/) - next →: [sentence 54](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/54/) - ↑ back to [Little Friend Coyote](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/)