---
title: All the Kutenais, even the women and children, had now painted their… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: All the Kutenais, even the women and children, had now painted their faces black, and were dancing the scalp-dance, carrying before them the scalps, stretched on long, forked willows. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 56

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All the Kutenais, even the women and children, had now painted their faces black, and were dancing the scalp-dance, carrying before them the scalps, stretched on long, forked willows.

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**What happens:** paint, dance, carry, stretch, fork · **To what, where:** Kutenais, scalp dance, scalps, long forked willows

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:18:56
# text = All the Kutenais, even the women and children, had now painted their faces black, and were dancing the scalp-dance, carrying before them the scalps, stretched on long, forked willows.
1	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	3	det:predet	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Kutenais	kutenai	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	even	even	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	appos	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
11	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	13	advmod	_	_
13	painted	paint	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
14	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
16	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	dancing	dance	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	conj	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
22	scalp	scalp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	dance	dance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	carrying	carry	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	conj	_	_
27	before	before	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	obl	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	scalps	scalp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
32	stretched	stretch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	_
33	on	on	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
34	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
36	forked	fork	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	37	amod	_	_
37	willows	willow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paint** | past · perfect · passive |  | all Kutenais |  |  | now |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination |
| 2 | **dance** | past · progressive |  | the scalp dance |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location dance=Theme |
| 3 | **carry** | gerund |  | the scalps |  |  | before Kutenais *= kutenai* |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent scalp=Theme |
| 4 | **stretch** | participle |  |  |  | long forked willows |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **fork** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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