---
title: When darkness came once more, she climbed out and started in search… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: When darkness came once more, she climbed out and started in search of water, not knowing which way to look for it, or whether she would ever find any. Who acts: darkness. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote, with its d
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 96

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When darkness came once more, she climbed out and started in search of water, not knowing which way to look for it, or whether she would ever find any.

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**Who acts:** darkness · **What happens:** come, climb out, start, not know, look, find · **To what, where:** search, way, any, water

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (darkness), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:18:96
# text = When darkness came once more, she climbed out and started in search of water, not knowing which way to look for it, or whether she would ever find any.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
4	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	5	advmod	_	_
5	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	climbed	climb	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	out	out	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	search	search	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
18	knowing	know	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
19	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	20	det	_	_
20	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	acl	_	_
23	for	for	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
26	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
27	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
28	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
29	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
30	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	31	advmod	_	_
31	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	conj	_	_
32	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	31	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | darkness |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **climb out** | past | darkness |  |  |  |  | out *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **start** | past | darkness *not said here* |  |  | search of water |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 4 | **not** **know** | gerund | darkness *not said here* | which way |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer way=Stimulus |
| 5 | **look** | to-infinitive | darkness *not said here* | which way *not said here* |  |  |  | for way | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for it=Theme |
| 6 | **find** | would | darkness | any |  |  | ever |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent any=Topic |
| 7 | **search** |  |  | water |  |  |  |  | nom search «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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