---
title: The stories in this book deal with peoples of widely different surro… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: The stories in this book deal with peoples of widely different surroundings and habit—some with dwellers on the sea-shore, whose skies are often obscured by rain and fog, who draw their living from the sea, and are at home on the water; and others with inhabitants of the high plains, where the air i
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Stories and the Story-tellers, sentence 1

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The stories in this book deal with peoples of widely different surroundings and habit—some with dwellers on the sea-shore, whose skies are often obscured by rain and fog, who draw their living from the sea, and are at home on the water; and others with inhabitants of the high plains, where the air is pure and dry, and the summer sun is rarely hidden by clouds.

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**Who acts:** rain, air, clouds, skies · **What happens:** obscure, draw, be, hide, live · **To what, where:** skies, living, sea, home, summer sun, others

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Stories and the Story-tellers. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rain, air, clouds, skies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:2:1
# text = The stories in this book deal with peoples of widely different surroundings and habit—some with dwellers on the sea-shore, whose skies are often obscured by rain and fog, who draw their living from the sea, and are at home on the water; and others with inhabitants of the high plains, where the air is pure and dry, and the summer sun is rarely hidden by clouds.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	52	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
5	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	deal	deal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	widely	widely	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	surroundings	surroundings	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	8	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	habit	habit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	conj	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	dwellers	dweller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
19	on	on	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
21	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	shore	shore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
25	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	skies	sky	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nsubj:pass	_	_
27	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux:pass	_	_
28	often	often	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
29	obscured	obscure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	acl:relcl	_	_
30	by	by	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	fog	fog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	36	nsubj	_	_
36	draw	draw	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	parataxis	_	_
37	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	_
39	from	from	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
44	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	46	cop	_	_
45	at	at	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
46	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
47	on	on	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
49	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	52	punct	_	_
51	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	52	cc	_	_
52	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
53	with	with	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
54	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	52	nmod	_	_
55	of	of	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
56	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	58	det	_	_
57	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	58	amod	_	_
58	plains	plain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	54	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	64	punct	_	_
60	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	64	advmod	_	_
61	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	62	det	_	_
62	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	64	nsubj	_	_
63	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	64	cop	_	_
64	pure	pure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	58	parataxis	_	_
65	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	66	cc	_	_
66	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	64	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
67	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	74	punct	_	_
68	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	74	cc	_	_
69	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	71	det	_	_
70	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	71	compound	_	_
71	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	74	nsubj:pass	_	_
72	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	74	aux:pass	_	_
73	rarely	rarely	ADV	RB	_	74	advmod	_	_
74	hidden	hide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	52	acl	_	_
75	by	by	ADP	IN	_	76	case	_	_
76	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	74	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
77	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	52	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **obscure** | present · passive | rain and fog | skies |  |  |  | often *property* | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 2 | **draw** | present | rain and fog | skies's living |  | the sea |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent living=Theme from sea=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  | home |  | on the water | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | present | the air |  |  |  |  | pure *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** |  | the air *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **hide** | present · passive | clouds | the summer sun |  |  |  | rarely *property* | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 8 | **live** |  | skies *= sky* |  |  |  |  |  | nom living «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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