---
title: As they repeated them, they impressed upon the hearer the importance… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: As they repeated them, they impressed upon the hearer the importance of remembering the stories precisely as told, and of telling them again exactly as he had received them, neither adding nor taking away anything. Who acts: elders, importance, sun. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and O
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Stories and the Story-tellers, sentence 4

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As they repeated them, they impressed upon the hearer the importance of remembering the stories precisely as told, and of telling them again exactly as he had received them, neither adding nor taking away anything.

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**Who acts:** elders, importance, sun · **What happens:** repeat, impress, remember, tell, receive, add · **To what, where:** characters, stories, elders, anything · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Stories and the Story-tellers. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elders, importance, sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:2:4
# text = As they repeated them, they impressed upon the hearer the importance of remembering the stories precisely as told, and of telling them again exactly as he had received them, neither adding nor taking away anything.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	repeated	repeat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	impressed	impress	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	hearer	hearer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	importance	importance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
13	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	remembering	remember	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
17	precisely	precisely	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
18	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
19	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
23	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
24	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	iobj	_	_
25	again	again	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
26	exactly	exactly	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
27	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
28	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
29	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	received	receive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	23	ccomp	_	_
31	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	34	cc:preconj	_	_
34	adding	add	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
35	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	36	cc	_	_
36	taking	take	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	34	conj	_	_
37	away	away	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
38	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	36	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repeat** | past | elders *= elder* | characters *= character* |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Eventuality |
| 2 | **impress** | past | elders *= elder* |  |  |  |  | upon the hearer | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **remember** | gerund | the importance *not said here* | the stories |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent story=Theme |
| 4 | **tell** *speech: assert* | participle |  | the stories *not said here* |  |  |  | precisely *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund | elders *= elder* *not said here* |  | elders *= elder* |  | again |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 6 | **receive** | past · perfect | sun | elders *= elder* |  |  |  | exactly *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 7 | **add** *speech: assert* | gerund | elders *= elder* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 8 | **take away** | gerund | elders *= elder* *not said here* | anything |  |  |  | away *property* | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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