---
title: Thus early taught his duty, each listener strove to perform it, and… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: Thus early taught his duty, each listener strove to perform it, and to impress on those whom he in turn instructed a similar obligation. Who acts: listener, sun. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Stories and the Story-tellers, with it
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Stories and the Story-tellers, sentence 5

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Thus early taught his duty, each listener strove to perform it, and to impress on those whom he in turn instructed a similar obligation.

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**Who acts:** listener, sun · **What happens:** teach, strive, perform, impress, instruct · **To what, where:** duty, listener, those, similar obligation

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Stories and the Story-tellers. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (listener, sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:2:5
# text = Thus early taught his duty, each listener strove to perform it, and to impress on those whom he in turn instructed a similar obligation.
1	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	early	early	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
3	taught	teach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	duty	duty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	listener	listener	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	strove	strive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	perform	perform	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	impress	impress	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	16	obl	_	_
19	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	23	obj	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	turn	turn	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
23	instructed	instruct	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	acl:relcl	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	similar	similar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	obligation	obligation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | past |  | sun's duty |  |  |  | early, thus *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent duty=Recipient |
| 2 | **strive** | past | each listener |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **perform** | to-infinitive | each listener *not said here* | listener |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 4 | **impress** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | those |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **instruct** *speech: other* | past | sun | a similar obligation |  |  |  | whom *obj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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