---
title: Their houses stand along the beach just above high-water mark, and b… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: Their houses stand along the beach just above high-water mark, and behind them the wooded mountains rise sharply. Who acts: houses, wooded mountains. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Bluejay Stories, with its dependency tree and the 
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Bluejay Stories, sentence 2

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Their houses stand along the beach just above high-water mark, and behind them the wooded mountains rise sharply.

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**Who acts:** houses, wooded mountains · **What happens:** stand, wood, rise · **To what, where:** water mark

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Bluejay Stories. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (houses, wooded mountains), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:3:2
# text = Their houses stand along the beach just above high-water mark, and behind them the wooded mountains rise sharply.
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stand	stand	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	along	along	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	just	just	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
8	above	above	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	mark	mark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
15	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obl	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	wooded	wood	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	amod	_	_
19	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
20	rise	rise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
21	sharply	sharply	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | people's houses |  |  | water mark |  | along the beach | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent along beach=Location |
| 2 | **wood** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **rise** | present | the wooded mountains |  |  |  |  | behind people; sharply *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent behind they=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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