---
title: Now he flew towards the village, and when he had come near to this p… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now he flew towards the village, and when he had come near to this point he smelled smoke, and in that smoke he smelled fat cooking. Who acts: boy. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, A Bluejay Story, with its dependency tree and the pragma
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, A Bluejay Story, sentence 126

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Now he flew towards the village, and when he had come near to this point he smelled smoke, and in that smoke he smelled fat cooking.

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**Who acts:** boy · **What happens:** fly, come, smell · **To what, where:** village, point, smoke, fat cooking

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, A Bluejay Story. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:4:126
# text = Now he flew towards the village, and when he had come near to this point he smelled smoke, and in that smoke he smelled fat cooking.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
13	near	near	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	det	_	_
16	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	smelled	smell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
19	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	24	det	_	_
24	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	smelled	smell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
27	fat	fat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	cooking	cooking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | past | boy |  |  | the village | now |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme towards village=Destination |
| 2 | **come** | past · perfect | boy |  |  | this point |  | near *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to point=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **smell** | past | boy | smoke |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer smoke=Stimulus |
| 4 | **smell** | past | boy | fat cooking |  | that smoke |  |  | vn stalk-35.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent cooking=Theme in smoke=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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