---
title: Only the Raven, who had been kind-hearted, had a house to himself. — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: Only the Raven, who had been kind-hearted, had a house to himself. Who acts: Raven. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, A Bluejay Story, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, A Bluejay Story, sentence 196

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Only the Raven, who had been kind-hearted, had a house to himself.

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**Who acts:** Raven · **What happens:** be, have · **To what, where:** house, Raven

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, A Bluejay Story. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Raven), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:4:196
# text = Only the Raven, who had been kind-hearted, had a house to himself.
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Raven	Raven	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
7	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	cop	_	_
8	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	hearted	hearted	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
12	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past · perfect | the Raven |  |  |  |  | hearted *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | past | the Raven | a house | Raven |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent house=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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