---
title: “Where did these canoes come from? — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: “Where did these canoes come from? Who acts: canoes. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Bluejay Visits the Ghosts, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Bluejay Visits the Ghosts, sentence 165

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“Where did these canoes come from?

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**Who acts:** canoes · **What happens:** come

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Bluejay Visits the Ghosts. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (canoes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:6:165
# text = “Where did these canoes come from?
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	6	advmod	_	_
3	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	canoes	canoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** *in a quote* | past · do-support | this canoes |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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