--- title: The Buffalo would toss their heads and try to hit him with their hor… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics description: The Buffalo would toss their heads and try to hit him with their horns, but he kept flying from one to another, and the Buffalo behind were always pushing forward to get near the ring, and they pushed the other Buffalo ahead of them. Who acts: Buffalo, hoofs. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Sti --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/7/157/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Punishment of the Stingy, and Othe…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/) / [The Girl Who Was the Ring \[1\]](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/7/) / 157 # The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Girl Who Was the Ring \[1\], sentence 157 The Buffalo would toss their heads and try to hit him with their horns, but he kept flying from one to another, and the Buffalo behind were always pushing forward to get near the ring, and they pushed the other Buffalo ahead of them. **Who acts:** Buffalo, hoofs · **What happens:** toss, try, hit, keep, fly, push forward · **To what, where:** heads, Buffalo, ring, other Buffalo This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Girl Who Was the Ring \[1\]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buffalo, hoofs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg66596:7:157 # text = The Buffalo would toss their heads and try to hit him with their horns, but he kept flying from one to another, and the Buffalo behind were always pushing forward to get near the ring, and they pushed the other Buffalo ahead of them. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 Buffalo Buffalo PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 toss toss VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ _ 6 heads head NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 try try VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ _ 9 to to PART TO _ 10 mark _ _ 10 hit hit VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 8 xcomp _ _ 11 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 obj _ _ 12 with with ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ _ 14 horns horn NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 15 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 16 but but CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 17 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 18 kept keep VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 19 flying fly VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 18 xcomp _ _ 20 from from ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 19 obl _ _ 22 to to ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 another another DET DT PronType=Ind 21 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 24 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 Buffalo Buffalo PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 28 behind behind ADP IN _ 31 mark _ _ 29 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 30 always always ADV RB PronType=Tot 31 advmod _ _ 31 pushing push VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 18 conj _ _ 32 forward forward ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 33 to to PART TO _ 34 mark _ _ 34 get get VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 31 advcl _ _ 35 near near ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 ring ring NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 38 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 39 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 40 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 nsubj _ _ 41 pushed push VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 42 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 43 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 44 amod _ _ 44 Buffalo Buffalo PROPN NNP Number=Sing 41 obj _ _ 45 ahead ahead ADV RB _ 41 advmod _ _ 46 of of ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 47 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 45 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 48 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **toss** | would | the Buffalo | hoofs's heads | | | | | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Patient | | 2 | **try** | infinitive | the Buffalo *not said here* | | | | | | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 3 | **hit** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the Buffalo *not said here* | Buffalo | | | | with hoofs's horns | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent he=Patient with horn=Instrument | | 4 | **keep** | past | Buffalo | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **fly** | gerund | Buffalo *not said here* | | | | | from one to another | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from one=Trajectory | | 6 | **push forward** | past · progressive | the Buffalo | | | | | always, forward *property* | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **get** | to-infinitive | the Buffalo *not said here* | | | the ring | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer | | 8 | **push** | past | hoofs *= hoof* | the other Buffalo | | | | ahead *property* | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent buffalo=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 156](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/7/156/) - next →: [sentence 158](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/7/158/) - ↑ back to [The Girl Who Was the Ring \[1\]](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/7/)