---
title: Ever since their sister had been lost, the brothers had been making… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ever since their sister had been lost, the brothers had been making arrows, and now they had piles of them stacked up about the lodge. Who acts: brothers, piles. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Girl Who Was the Ring [1], with its de
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Girl Who Was the Ring \[1\], sentence 159

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Ever since their sister had been lost, the brothers had been making arrows, and now they had piles of them stacked up about the lodge.

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**Who acts:** brothers, piles · **What happens:** lose, make, have, stack up · **To what, where:** sister, arrows

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Girl Who Was the Ring \[1\]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (brothers, piles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:7:159
# text = Ever since their sister had been lost, the brothers had been making arrows, and now they had piles of them stacked up about the lodge.
1	Ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	7	advmod	_	_
2	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	brothers	brother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
11	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	aux	_	_
13	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
14	arrows	arrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	19	advmod	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
20	piles	pile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nmod	_	_
23	stacked	stack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	ccomp	_	_
24	up	up	ADP	RP	_	23	compound:prt	_	_
25	about	about	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	lodge	lodge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | past · perfect · passive |  | brothers's sister |  |  | ever |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 2 | **make** | past · perfect · progressive | the brothers | arrows |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arrow=Product |
| 3 | **have** | past | brothers *= brother* |  |  |  | now |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **stack up** | past | piles of brothers |  |  |  |  | about the lodge | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent about lodge=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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