---
title: Whenever their meat was all gone and they began to get hungry, the g… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: Whenever their meat was all gone and they began to get hungry, the girl used to send her brothers into the timber to cut dogwood shoots to make arrows. Who acts: meat, boys, girl. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Girl Who Was the Rin
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Girl Who Was the Ring \[1\], sentence 4

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Whenever their meat was all gone and they began to get hungry, the girl used to send her brothers into the timber to cut dogwood shoots to make arrows.

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**Who acts:** meat, boys, girl · **What happens:** be, begin, get, use, send, cut · **To what, where:** brothers, timber, dogwood shoots, arrows

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Girl Who Was the Ring \[1\]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (meat, boys, girl), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:7:4
# text = Whenever their meat was all gone and they began to get hungry, the girl used to send her brothers into the timber to cut dogwood shoots to make arrows.
1	Whenever	whenever	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	6	advmod	_	_
2	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	all	all	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	gone	gone	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	hungry	hungry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	send	send	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	brothers	brother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
21	into	into	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	timber	timber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	advcl	_	_
26	dogwood	dogwood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	shoots	shoot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
29	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	advcl	_	_
30	arrows	arrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | boys's meat |  |  |  |  | all, gone, whenever *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **begin** | past | boys *= boy* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **get** | to-infinitive | boys *= boy* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | hungry *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **use** | past | the girl |  |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **send** | to-infinitive | the girl *not said here* | girl's brothers |  | the timber |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brother=Theme |
| 6 | **cut** | to-infinitive | the girl *not said here* | dogwood shoots |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset shoot=Product |
| 7 | **make** | to-infinitive | the girl *not said here* | arrows |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset arrow=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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